Improve brain health to reduce dementia risk

References related to habits that can protect brain health

• 1. Iso-Markku P, Kujala UM, Knittle K, Polet J, Vuoksimaa E, Waller K. Physical Activity as a Protective Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review, meta-analysis and Quality Assessment of Cohort and Case-control Studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2022;56(12):bjsports-2021-104981. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104981.
• 2. Maintaining mobility and preventing disability are key to living independently as we age. National Institute on Aging. https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/maintaining-mobility-and-preventing-disability-are-key-living-independently-we-age.
• 3. De la Rosa A, Olaso-Gonzalez G, Arc-Chagnaud C, et al. Physical exercise in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2020;9(5):394-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.01.004.
• 4. CDC. Physical Activity for Adults: An Overview. Physical Activity Basics. Published February 21, 2024.  https://www.dietaryguidelines.gov/sites/default/files/2021-03/Dietary_Guidelines_for_Americans-2020-2025.pdf.
• 5. Ou YN, Tan CC, Shen XN, et al. Blood Pressure and Risks of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Hypertension. 2020;76(1):217-225. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.14993.
• 6. Van de Rest O, Berendsen AA, Haveman-Nies A, de Groot LC. Dietary Patterns, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: A Systematic Review. Advances in Nutrition. 2015;6(2):154-168. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.114.007617.
• 7. Albanese E, Launer LJ, Egger M, et al. Body mass index in midlife and dementia: Systematic review and meta-regression analysis of 589,649 men and women followed in longitudinal studies. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring. 2017;8:165-178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dadm.2017.05.007.
• 8. Gudala K, Bansal D, Schifano F, Bhansali A. Diabetes mellitus and risk of dementia: A meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Journal of Diabetes Investigation. 2013;4(6):640-650. https://doi.org/10.1111/jdi.12087.
• 9. Zheng B, Su B, Price G, Tzoulaki I, Ahmadi-Abhari S, Middleton L. Glycemic Control, Diabetic Complications, and Risk of Dementia in Patients With Diabetes: Results From a Large U.K. Cohort Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(7):1556-1563. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2850.
• 10. Zhong G, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Guo JJ, Zhao Y. Smoking Is Associated with an Increased Risk of Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies with Investigation of Potential Effect Modifiers. Laws K, ed. PLOS ONE. 2015;10(3):e0118333. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0118333.
• 11. CDC. Benefits of Quitting Smoking. Smoking and Tobacco Use. Published May 14, 2024. Accessed May 29, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/about/benefits-of-quitting.html
• 12. Deal JA, Power MC, Palta P, et al. Relationship of Cigarette Smoking and Time of Quitting with Incident Dementia and Cognitive Decline. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2019;68(2):337-345. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.16228.
• 13. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Smoking Cessation. A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2020. https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/2020-cessation-sgr-full-report.pdf.
• 14. CDC. Alcohol Use and Your Health. Alcohol Use. Published May 9, 2024. Accessed May 29, 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/alcohol/about-alcohol-use/index.html.

• 15. Rehm J, Hasan OSM, Black SE, Shield KD, Schwarzinger M. Alcohol use and dementia: a systematic scoping review. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy. 2019;11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-018-0453-0.
• 16. Kuiper JS, Zuidersma M, Oude Voshaar RC, et al. Social relationships and risk of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies. Ageing Research Reviews. 2015;22:39-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2015.04.006.
• 17. Wickramaratne PJ, Yangchen T, Lepow L, et al. Social Connectedness as a Determinant of Mental health: a Scoping Review. Pan X, ed. PLoS One. 2022;17(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275004.
• 18. Liang Z, Li A, Xu Y, Qian X, Gao X. Hearing Loss and Dementia: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience. 2021;13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.695117.
• 19. Diniz BS, Butters MA, Albert SM, Dew MA, Reynolds CF. Late-life depression and risk of vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based cohort studies. British Journal of Psychiatry. 2013;202(5):329-335. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.112.118307.
• 20. Byers AL, Yaffe K. Depression and risk of developing dementia. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2011;7(6):323-331. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneurol.2011.60.
• 21. Li Y, Li Y, Li X, et al. Head Injury as a Risk Factor for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 32 Observational Studies. Lifshitz J, ed. PLOS ONE. 2017;12(1):e0169650. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169650.
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You can make many healthy changes that protect brain health with support through Alaska's Fresh Start programs. Visit the Fresh Start main webpage to find the program that's right for you.

• Learn more about habits that can protect brain health
• Find resources to help protect brain health
• Find resources if you or loved ones are experiencing Alzheimer's and dementia
• Return to the main Fresh Start webpage about reducing dementia risk