Tetanus
Bacteria that causes painful contractions in the jaw or neck
Overview
Tetanus, or "lockjaw," is caused by Clostridium tetani bacteria. It produces a toxin that triggers painful muscle contractions, often locking the jaw or neck.
Tetanus cannot be spread person to person; it's contracted when bacteria spores from soil or animal feces enter the body through cuts or puncture wounds on the skin.
Symptoms & Diagnosis
The first sign of tetanus is often "lockjaw," with jaw muscle spasms. Other symptoms include trouble swallowing, stiffness, spasms, seizures, fever, sweating, headaches, and changes in blood pressure or heart rate. Diagnosis is based on symptoms and recent injuries, as no lab test confirms it.
Treatment
Treatment includes cleaning the wound to remove bacteria and the administration of Tetanus immunoglobulin (TIG) is given to block the toxins. Pain relievers, antibiotics, or muscle relaxants may also be used. A tetanus booster is given if the person isn’t vaccinated.
Prevention
The best way to protect against tetanus is through vaccination and to keep up to date with a 10-year booster shot.