Drugs and Alcohol

Overview

Drugs and alcohol can have a strong effect on the brain and body, especially for young people. While some drugs are used for medical reasons, using any drug in the wrong way—or using alcohol underage—can lead to serious health risks. These substances can change how a person thinks, feels, and makes decisions. 

Early use of drugs or alcohol can increase the risk of addiction and other long-term health problems. It can also affect learning, relationships, and emotional well-being. Understanding the risks and how to make healthy choices is an important part of staying safe. If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, support and treatment are available. 

Symptoms and diagnosis

Substance use can affect people in many ways. The signs are not always easy to see, but there are common symptoms that may suggest someone is having a problem with drugs or alcohol. These can include: 

• Changes in mood, such as anger, sadness, or anxiety 
• Trouble at school, like falling grades or skipping class 
• Changes in friends or spending more time alone 
• Loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy 
• Problems with sleep or appetite 
• Lying, stealing, or acting secretive 
• Smelling like alcohol or drugs, or finding drug-related items 

When these symptoms are noticed, a healthcare provider or counselor may use a tool called a screening to learn more. If the screening shows there may be a problem, a full assessment can help give a diagnosis and guide next steps. 

SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment)

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a way to help people who use drugs or alcohol in an unhealthy way. It also helps people who might start having problems in the future. SBIRT works by listening to each person and helping them make safer, healthier choices. 

This kind of support can happen in places like doctor’s offices, emergency rooms, mental health clinics, or youth programs. By helping people early, we can support them before things get worse. 

DBH offers the following SBIRT resources: 

• On demand virtual Training 
• Distance and In-Person Training 
• Resources for Providers 

Treatment and management 

Treatment for drug and alcohol use depends on the person’s needs and how serious the problem is. The goal is to help the person stop using substances, stay healthy, and build strong life skills. 

Treatment may include: 

• Counseling or therapy: Talking with a trained professional to learn new ways to handle stress, emotions, and decisions. This can be one-on-one, in a group, or with family. 
• Support programs: Peer groups like youth support circles or 12-step programs can help people feel less alone and more motivated to stay on track. 
• Medical support: In some cases, doctors may prescribe medicine to help with withdrawal symptoms or reduce cravings. 
• School or community support: Teachers, school counselors, and youth programs can help students stay connected and supported while in recovery. 

Treatment works best when it includes support from family, friends, and the community. Managing substance use is a lifelong process, and recovery can take time. But with the right tools and support, people can and do get better.  

Need Help or Someone to Talk To? 

If you or someone you know is struggling with drugs or alcohol, you're not alone. Help is available 24/7. 

Alaska CARELINE 
Call or text: 988 
Visit: 988lifeline.org 
Free, confidential support for people in crisis or those who just need someone to talk to. 

SAMHSA’s National Helpline 
Call: 1-800-662-HELP (4357) 
Free, 24/7 help for substance use and mental health concerns. 
Available in English and Spanish. 

Prevention 

Preventing drug and alcohol use starts with education, support, and strong connections. Young people are less likely to use substances when they feel safe, supported, and have healthy ways to cope with stress. 

Ways to support prevention: 

• Open communication: Talking honestly about drugs, alcohol, and peer pressure helps build trust and understanding. 
• Positive role models: Family members, teachers, coaches, and other adults can set good examples and offer guidance. 
• Healthy activities: Sports, clubs, art, and other interests give teens ways to have fun, manage emotions, and stay connected. 
• Strong school and community programs: Prevention programs in schools and youth groups help teach decision-making skills, boost confidence, and build knowledge about the risks of substance use. 

When someone is recovering from substance use, ongoing support is key. Encouragement from friends, family, schools, and communities can help them stay focused and move forward with their goals.